Debt Management

How to Dispute Mistakes On Your Credit Report

Holly Johnson — Wed, 01 Jun 2022 22:46:07 +0000

There are several obvious reasons to give a hoot about your credit score, and very few reasons you should ignore it. After all, you'll need a good credit score and a solid credit history if you ever plan to purchase a home or take out an auto loan. A bad credit score can even come back to bite you if you want to rent an apartment or apply for certain jobs.

But your score isn't the only detail you need to pay attention to. You also need to keep an eye on your credit report — the document that lists your formal credit history including any accounts you have open, balances due, and payments you've made.

Your report and your score are intricately intertwined. If bad information gets on your credit report due to fraud or misreporting, this can easily cause your credit score to nosedive. Likewise, a clear credit report with nothing but true (and positive) information can help your credit score reach greater heights.

That's why, every single year, you should get a free copy of your credit report from all three credit reporting agencies — Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. Fortunately, this part is easy to accomplish via AnnualCreditReport.com.

How to dispute information on your credit report

Once you have a copy of your credit report from all three bureaus, you'll want to look over all the details to make sure they're correct. Incorrect information you might notice on your report may include:

Errors regarding your name or personal information
Accounts that aren't even yours
Accounts belonging to someone with a name that is similar to yours
Closed accounts that are reported as open
Incorrectly reported late payments
Accounts listed more than once
Incorrect balances on accounts
Incorrect credit limits on accounts

Thanks to the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), both the credit bureau and whoever is providing them with information are responsible for correcting misinformation on your credit report. This means that, if a specific retailer or bank is reporting an account that isn't yours or an incorrect balance, both the credit bureau and the retailer or bank have to work together to make things right.

If you find an error, here are the steps you should take right away:

Inform the credit bureau with the incorrect information of the mistake

The first step you should take is informing the credit reporting agency of their error, keeping in mind that it's possible not all the credit bureaus will have the same information. You should let them know about the mistake in writing, taking special care to list important details about the mistake with proper documentation. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) even offers a sample letter you can use if you need help.

Note that credit bureaus usually have 30 days to investigate your claim and they are required to get back to you with a response. They are also required to forward the information you sent them to the provider who shared the information with them in the first place.

Inform whoever provided the information of the mistake

You'll also want to provide the company reporting the incorrect information with copies of any documentation that prove an error has occurred. Make sure to include all details required to prove your claim along with copies of documentation that backs you up. The FTC offers another sample dispute letter you can use for this instance.

Watch for your credit report to be updated

Generally speaking, credit reporting agencies are required to inform you in writing of the results of your case. They are also legally required to give you another free copy of your credit report if your dispute caused a permanent change.

You also have the option to ask the credit bureau to send notices of any corrections to anyone who has requested your credit report within the last six months. You can even have an updated copy sent to anyone who has asked for a modified version of your credit report for reasons regarding employment.

Caring about your credit

While the steps above may sound tedious, it's crucial to understand the damage incorrect information on your credit report can do. If you have inaccurate late payments on your report, for example, you could see your credit score plummet through no fault of your own. And if there are accounts on your credit report that aren't even yours, that could signify a much larger problem, such as outright identity theft.

Fortunately, the small amount of time required to dispute an item on your credit report really can pay off in a big way. After all, any negative information you manage to get wiped clean should immediately stop dragging your score down.

However, you should also note that you'll only be able to get false negative information removed from your credit reports. Any damaging information that's true will have to linger on your report until enough time has passed. Generally speaking, negative information and reporting can remain on your credit report for up to seven years and bankruptcy can stay on your report for 10 years.

The bottom line

Errors happen all the time, and they may never be uncovered if you don't find them yourself. In addition to staying on top of your credit reports, it can help to sign up for a free service that gives you updates on new accounts in your name or fluctuations in your credit score. CreditKarma.com and CreditSesame.com are two that offer a similar free service with these features, so they are both worth checking out.

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This article is from Holly Johnson of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread:

How Cosigning On a Student Loan Could Impact Your Finances

Holly Johnson — Sat, 07 Nov 2020 22:44:52 +0000

While college students can get their own federal student loans without a cosigner in most cases, there are some situations where a cosigner is required. Federal Direct Parent PLUS loans, for example, can actually be taken out on behalf of dependents to help pay for higher education. Students can also apply for private student loans to pay for college. These loans tend to have high credit requirements that make it difficult for young people to qualify on their own.

But should you really cosign on student loans for your child? And should you cosign on any loans they can't qualify for on their own? You can certainly consider it, but it helps to enter the situation with eyes wide open and understand all the pros and cons.

The main advantage of cosigning is the fact that you're helping your child (or dependent) pay for higher education when they may not be able to otherwise. However, it can also be a huge risk. Here's everything you need to know before you sign on the dotted line.

You're obligated to repay the debt no matter what

Whether you take on a Parent PLUS loan or you cosign with your child for a private student loan, the first thing you have to understand is that, no matter what, you're obligated to pay that debt back. If your child stops making payments, you'll be required to make them. If your child flat-out refuses to get a job and completely defaults on their responsibilities, you will need to repay that loan.

Cosigning on a student loan is similar to buying a house with someone or cosigning on a car loan. You're both jointly responsible for repayment regardless of what the other person does. That can be a huge problem if your child doesn't take their bills very seriously, but it may not be an issue if they treat their credit with care and stay on top of their bills.

Student loans are almost never discharged in bankruptcy

Another detail to understand is the fact that student loans are rarely ever discharged in bankruptcy. For the most part, they'll stick around forever unless the borrower dies or you can prove you have some inescapable hardship.

As a parent, you're probably trying to save for retirement and reach other financial goals, so it's important to understand that the student loans you cosign for will never go away until you pay them off — once and for all.

There's no going back

When you cosign on a student loan, you can't just change your mind and back out of the deal. Your child may be able to refinance their student loans in their name, but only if their credit score is good enough to qualify for student loan refinancing on their own. And if that was the case, they wouldn't have needed a cosigner in the first place.

Your finances may be perfectly fine right now, but you should think through how they may be in five or 10 years. If you're nearing retirement, you may not want to put yourself in a situation where you'll be stuck paying off a child's student loans. Plus, you never know how your health will be or the status of your career several years from now. Cosigning for student loans leaves you on the hook no matter what, and it's hard to change that after the fact.

Cosigning on a loan could affect your credit score

When you cosign on a student loan, you have to remember that you're jointly accepting responsibility for the debt and any consequences that arise out of late payments or delinquency. So you should only cosign if you know your child or dependent is dedicated to paying their bills on time and avoiding default at all costs.

If you're not paying attention, you could easily take a huge hit to your credit score without even knowing. Since payment history makes up 35 percent of your FICO score, it's easy to see how even one late payment could cause major damage. Just think of what could happen if the student loans you cosigned for were paid late month after month. If you're not also receiving a bill in the mail, you may not find out until the damage is already done.

The bottom line

There are situations where it can make sense to cosign on a student loan, but this decision should never be taken lightly. You may be helping your child earn their degree, but you're taking a significant risk. (See also: Should You Co-Sign a Loan?)

You may want to assess the career field they plan to enter into and figure out how much they might earn upon graduation before you cosign. Some fields have plenty of promise right now, while others offer almost none, and you should know either way before you make any type of financial commitment. Maybe your college student could even spend time improving their credit score so they can qualify for student loans on their own.

Cosigning on student loans should be a last resort for parents, not an easy fix for students who don't take time to consider all their options.

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This article is from Holly Johnson of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread:

16 Small Steps You Can Take Now to Improve Your Finances

Alicia Rose Hudnett — Wed, 04 Nov 2020 17:32:44 +0000

You have all kinds of financial goals you want to achieve, but where should you begin? There are so many different aspects of money management that it can be difficult to find a starting point when trying to achieve financial success. If you're feeling lost and overwhelmed, take a deep breath. Progress can be made in tiny, manageable steps. Here's are 16 small things you can do right now to improve your overall financial health. (See also: These 13 Numbers Are Crucial to Understanding Your Finances)

1. Create a household budget

The biggest step toward effective money management is making a household budget. You first need to figure out exactly how much money comes in each month. Once you have that number, organize your budget in order of financial priorities: essential living expenses, contributions to retirement savings, repaying debt, and any entertainment or lifestyle costs. Having a clear picture of exactly how much is coming in and going out every month is key to reaching your financial goals.

2. Calculate your net worth

Simply put, your net worth is the total of your assets minus your debts and liabilities. You're left with a positive or negative number. If the number is positive, you're on the up and up. If the number is negative — which is especially common for young people just starting out — you'll need to keep chipping away at debt.

Remember that certain assets, like your home, count on both sides of the ledger. While you may have mortgage debt, it is secured by the resale value of your home. (See also: 10 Ways to Increase Your Net Worth This Year)

3. Review your credit reports

Your credit history determines your creditworthiness, including the interest rates you pay on loans and credit cards. It can also affect your employment opportunities and living options. Every 12 months, you can check your credit report from each of the three major credit bureaus (Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax) for free at annualcreditreport.com. It may also be a good idea to request one report from one bureau every four months, so you can keep an eye on your credit throughout the year without paying for it.

Regularly checking your credit report will help you stay on top of every account in your name and can alert you to fraudulent activity.

4. Check your credit score

Your FICO score can range from 300-850. The higher the score, the better. Keep in mind that two of the most important factors that go into making up your credit score are your payment history, specifically negative information, and how much debt you're carrying: the type of debts, and how much available credit you have at any given time. (See also: How to Boost Your Credit Score in Just 30 Days)

5. Set a monthly savings amount

Transferring a set amount of money to a savings account at the same time you pay your other monthly bills helps ensure that you're regularly and intentionally saving money for the future. Waiting to see if you have any money left over after paying for all your other discretionary lifestyle expenses can lead to uneven amounts or no savings at all.

6. Make minimum payments on all debts

The first step to maintaining a good credit standing is to avoid making late payments. Build your minimum debt reduction payments into your budget. Then, look for any extra money you can put toward paying down debt principal. (See also: The Fastest Way to Pay Off $10,000 in Credit Card Debt)

7. Increase your retirement saving rate by 1 percent

Your retirement savings and saving rate are the most important determinants of your overall financial success. Strive to save 15 percent of your income for most of your career for retirement, and that includes any employer match you may receive. If you're not saving that amount yet, plan ahead for ways you can reach that goal. For example, increase your saving rate every time you get a bonus or raise.

8. Open an IRA

An IRA is an easy and accessible retirement savings vehicle that anyone with earned income can access (although you can't contribute to a traditional IRA past age 70½). Unlike an employer-sponsored account, like a 401(k), an IRA gives you access to unlimited investment choices and is not attached to any particular employer. (See also: Stop Believing These 5 Myths About IRAs)

9. Update your account beneficiaries

Certain assets, like retirement accounts and insurance policies, have their own beneficiary designations and will be distributed based on who you have listed on those documents — not necessarily according to your estate planning documents. Review these every year and whenever you have a major life event, like a marriage.

10. Review your employer benefits

The monetary value of your employment includes your salary in addition to any other employer-provided benefits. Consider these extras part of your wealth-building tools and review them on a yearly basis. For example, a Flexible Spending Arrangement (FSA) can help pay for current health care expenses through your employer and a Health Savings Account (HSA) can help you pay for medical expenses now and in retirement. (See also: 8 Myths About Health Savings Accounts — Debunked!)

11. Review your W-4

The W-4 form you filled out when you first started your job dictates how much your employer withholds for taxes — and you can make changes to it. If you get a refund at tax time, adjusting your tax withholdings can be an easy way to increase your take-home pay. Also, remember to review this form when you have a major life event, like a marriage or after the birth of a child. (See also: Are You Withholding the Right Amount of Taxes from Your Paycheck?)

12. Ponder your need for life insurance

In general, if someone is dependent upon your income, then you may need a life insurance policy. When determining how much insurance you need, consider protecting assets and paying off all outstanding debts, as well as retirement and college costs. (See also: 15 Surprising Insurance Policies You Might Need)

13. Check your FDIC insurance coverage

First, make sure that the banking institutions you use are FDIC insured. For credit unions, you'll want to confirm it's a National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) federally-covered institution. Federal deposit insurance protects up to $250,000 of your deposits for each type of bank account you have. To determine your account coverage at a single bank or various banks, visit FDIC.gov.

14. Check your Social Security statements

Set up an online account at SSA.gov to confirm your work and income history and to get an idea of what types of benefits, if any, you're entitled to — including retirement and disability.

15. Set one financial goal to achieve it by the end of the year

An important part of financial success is recognizing where you need to focus your energy in terms of certain financial goals, like having a fully funded emergency account, for example.

If you're overwhelmed by trying to simultaneously work on reaching all of your goals, pick one that you can focus on and achieve it by the end of the year. Examples include paying off a credit card, contributing to an IRA, or saving $500.

16. Take a one-month spending break

Unfortunately, you can never take a break from paying your bills, but you do have complete control over how you spend your discretionary income. And that may be the only way to make some progress toward some of your savings goals. Try trimming some of your lifestyle expenses for just one month to cushion your checking or savings account. You could start by bringing your own lunch to work every day or meal-planning for the week to keep your grocery bill lower and forgo eating out. (See also: How a Simple "Do Not Buy" List Keeps Money in Your Pocket)

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This article is from Alicia Rose Hudnett of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread:

The Pros and Cons of Paying Off Your Debt Early

Tim Lemke — Sun, 11 Oct 2020 17:32:44 +0000

Debt stinks. We all know this. The sensible move here is to pay off any and all debts as soon as possible, right? Not so fast. In some cases, paying a debt off early doesn't save you all that much money. Let's take a look at the pros and cons of paying down debt before you have to.

Pro: You'll save thousands of dollars in interest

You can't take out a loan without paying interest. You also can't carry a credit card balance without paying interest. And the longer you owe money, the more interest you'll pay. Let’s say you buy a car for the price of $25,000, and you borrow $20,000 at an interest rate of 3 percent on a 60-month loan. That could mean more than $1,500 in interest payments over the course of five years. What a waste, right?

So whether it's a car loan or credit card debt, the sooner you wipe it out, the more money you'll save in interest payments, and depending on the balance, this could mean hundreds or even thousands of dollars. (See also: 15 Tips From People Who Paid Off an Incredible Amount of Debt)

Con: You may have paid off most of the loan interest already

Most loans have something called an "amortization schedule" that maps out how much you'll pay in interest and how much you'll pay in principal each month. With many loans — especially mortgages — you pay most of the interest in the early years and pay mostly principal later on.

For example, let's say you have a 30-year loan of $300,000 with a 5 percent interest rate. Using this handy amortization calculator, this means you'll pay $1,610 per month. (For simplicity purposes, I am not including taxes and insurance in this calculation.) A typical amortization schedule shows that you will pay $1,250 per month in interest payments at first. But toward the end of the lending period, your interest payments are much lower. By the time you have three years left on the loan, you'll pay a little over $200 in interest per month and it will continue to decline from there.

If you are fairly late in the loan term, there's not a major financial advantage to paying your loan off early. You're practically borrowing money interest-free at this point, so you might as well hold onto your cash or use it for something else. (See also: 5 Debt Management Questions You're Too Embarrassed to Ask)

Pro: You free up cash for other things

Your mortgage is $1,500 a month. Your car payment is $200 per month. Your student loan payment is $180. The minimum payment on your credit card balance is $250. If you're locked into these payments each month, you may not have a lot of money left over for other needs or wants. Debt prevents you from having true financial flexibility. Pay those debts off early, and breathe easier knowing you've freed up a significant amount of cash.

Con: You could deplete your emergency fund

Your drive to pay off debt early may be strong, but where is that money coming from? It's not easy for most people to pay off the $20,000 left on a mortgage in one fell swoop, for example. If you do have that much cash available, you need to make sure it's not coming out of your emergency fund. It may feel good to pay off a debt, but when you have no money left to cover a medical emergency or job loss, you're playing a dangerous game. It's best to keep at least three months worth of living expenses on hand in cash, and avoid the temptation to raid it just to pay off a debt early. (See also: 7 Easy Ways to Build an Emergency Fund From $0)

Pro: You'll sleep better

For many people, carrying debt from month to month is physically and mentally exhausting. It weighs on you. And that's totally understandable. Everyone has their own comfort level with debt, and if you simply can't stand the thought of even a small debt burden, pay those loans off in full if you can. In many cases, paying off a debt early offers a mental and financial freedom. (See also: How Getting More Sleep Helps Your Finances)

Con: You might stop building credit

Believe it or not, paying off debt early may actually hurt your credit. If you insist on always clearing debts in full long before they are due, you may cease to have enough credit history to get a favorable rating from credit agencies. As long as your debt burden is not too high, making consistent, regular payments on debts and paying bills on time is the best way to build strong credit.

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This article is from Tim Lemke of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread:

5 Things Keeping You From a Life of Financial Independence

Toni Husbands — Sat, 10 Oct 2020 17:32:44 +0000

Financial independence can mean different things to everyone. A 2013 survey from Capital One 360 found that 44 percent of American adults feel that financial independence means not having any debt, 26 percent said it means having an emergency savings fund, and 10 percent link financial independence with being able to retire early.

I define financial independence as the time in life when my assets produce enough income to cover a comfortable lifestyle. At that point, working a day job will be optional.

But what about the rest of America? How would you define financial independence? If freedom from debt is what you're seeking, here are five areas that could be holding you back.

1. Not having clear, financial goals

If you're not planning for financial independence, chances are you won't reach it. The future is full of unknowns, but having an idea of when you'd like to achieve financial freedom should be your first step.

Do you want to retire before you turn 65? Do you want to travel the world with your spouse once you reach early retirement? Both goals will require a significant amount of cash stashed away, so it's important to start saving ASAP to make those dreams come true. (See also: 15 Secrets of People Who Retire Early)

2. Not saving enough

It's important to identify how much you're currently saving, and how much you need to save in order to retire when you want to, or reach another major financial goal. Using a calculator like Networthify can help you play with various money-saving scenarios and make realistic projections about retirement.

Another way to make saving money easier is to automate it. Setting up an automatic weekly or monthly transfer from your checking account into your savings account will take the extra task off your already full plate. Even if it's as little as $5 a week, it's enough to start building that nest egg. (See also: 5 MicroSaving Tools to Help You Start Saving Now)

3. Not paying off consumer debt

If you're carrying a credit card balance each month, financing cars, or just paying the minimum on your student loans, compound interest is working against you. Creating an aggressive plan to pay off debt quickly should be a number one priority for anyone who is serious about achieving financial independence. Otherwise, your money is working for your creditors, not you.

If you prefer to tackle credit card debt first, there are several debt management methods you can try, including the Debt Snowball Method and the Debt Avalanche Method. The Debt Snowball Method has you paying off the card with the smallest balance first, working your way up to the card with the largest balance. The Debt Avalanche Method is similar, but here you would pay more than the monthly minimum on the card with the highest interest rate first, working towards paying off the card with the lowest interest rate. Both are highly effective methods, and choosing one really just depends on your preference.

4. Giving into lifestyle creep

A high income does not automatically make you wealthy. As you move up in your career, the temptation to upgrade your lifestyle to match your income will be ever-present. After all, you work hard, so why not reward yourself with the latest gadgets and toys?

However, if you continue to spend and live modestly, you can put more money away for travel or retirement with every pay raise you earn. Financial freedom will be just around the corner if you resist that temptation to upgrade your home, car, and electronics to match your income bracket. (See also: 9 Ways to Reverse Lifestyle Creep)

5. Being driven by FOMO

Fear Of Missing Out, aka FOMO, is the modern version of keeping up with the Joneses. Except now you have access to the Joneses' social media platforms, and they go on all kinds of fun adventures. Social media is a great tool for keeping in touch, but it can also make you want to spend all your money on lavish vacations, clothes, spa treatments, and other extravagent things. Resist that urge. And block the Joneses on social media if needed. (See also: Are You Letting FOMO Ruin Your Finances?)

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This article is from Toni Husbands of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread:

How a Credit Card Can Actually Help You Get Out of Debt

Holly Johnson — Thu, 08 Oct 2020 17:32:44 +0000

If you have high-interest credit card debt, you may believe another credit card is the last thing you need. Another card would only leave you with more open credit after all, and that just means more temptation to spend and rack up even more debt.

But a certain type of credit card debt could help your situation — if you use it the right way. This type of card is a balance transfer card.

How balance transfer cards work

Each balance transfer credit card has its own unique introductory offer you can use to your advantage. Most offer 0% APR from 12 to 21 months, meaning you won't pay interest on transferred balances during that time. However, some balance transfer cards charge a balance transfer fee that typically works out to 3% or 5% of the balance you transfer over.

To illustrate, let's imagine for a moment that you have $10,000 in credit card debt at 19% APR and you're currently making a payment of 5% of your balance, or $500 per month. At this rate, it would take 25 months to pay off your debt, and you would fork over $2,120 in interest over that time.

Now, let's say you apply for a balance transfer card that gives you 0% APR for 21 months in exchange for a 5% balance transfer fee. Once you transferred your entire balance over and added in the fee, you would start repayment owing $10,500 ($10,000 plus a $500 balance transfer fee).

However, the fact that you're not paying interest means you could continue paying $500 per month and pay off your entire balance with zero interest in 21 months. In other words, your balance transfer card could shave four months off your repayment timeline and save you $2,120 in interest. (See also: Here's What a Balance Transfer Does to Your Credit)

Tips for a successful balance transfer

The example above shows why balance transfer cards are so popular. Sure, some of them charge balance transfer fees, but having 0% APR for anywhere from 12 to 21 months can help you get out of debt faster, and lead to thousands of dollars in savings.

According to estimates from Experian, Americans conduct $35 to $40 billion in balance transfer activity each year. This is good news for consumers who are taking advantage, but it's also troublesome since many people get stuck in a situation where they're transferring the same debts to new balance transfer cards every few years.

If your goal is using a balance transfer credit card to get out of debt and stay out of debt, you'll want to set yourself up for success. Here's how you can do that.

Compare offers

Because balance transfer cards each have their own introductory offers, you need to check out more than one. Ideally, you'll settle on a balance transfer credit card that grants you 0% APR for as long as you need to pay down all (or most) of your debt.

Other factors to consider with balance transfer cards include any fees they charge, consumer perks and protections, and rewards programs. However, beware of signing up for balance transfer cards with rewards programs if you worry they'll entice you to spend. The goal with a balance transfer card is paying down debt — not racking up more.

Look for cards that don't charge a balance transfer fee

Keep your eye out for balance transfer cards that don't charge a fee. While most charge a fee to transfer balances upfront, there are several that skip over this fee for balances transferred in the first 60 days. Avoiding this fee will normally save you 3% to 5% of your balance amount, which can help you start paying down your balances right away.

Stop using credit cards

No matter what you do, stop using credit cards once you've transferred your balances to a card that offers zero interest for a limited time. You won't want to use your new balance transfer card for purchases since the goal is paying off your debt, but you should also steer clear of using other credit cards since you could easily rack up more debt and eliminate any progress you've made.

While you're in debt-repayment mode, you should stick to a cash budget or use your debit card instead of credit. That way, you won't "accidentally" rack up new credit card balances you can't afford to repay.

Create a debt repayment plan

Finally, don't forget to create some sort of debt payoff plan for how you'll pay down debt during your card's introductory offer. You should estimate how much you can afford to pay each month and figure out how much debt you'll ultimately pay off if you stay on track. If you can manage to pay off your entire debt over your card's 0% APR offer with a specific payment amount, you should determine if that figure is possible with your monthly income and expenses. And using a good debt repayment calculator can help a lot.

You may also want to look for ways to cut your spending and bills so you can throw more money toward your credit card's balance each month. Start with the low-hanging fruit in your budget — things like grocery spending and dining out, entertainment spending, or regular trips to your favorite department store. Also consider uninstalling any apps on your phone that regularly cause you to spend money, whether it's Instacart, DoorDash, or Amazon. Make spending money more difficult and you're more likely to save over time. And those savings can be allocated toward your debts until they're paid off.

The bottom line

Another credit card may seem like the last thing you could possibly need if you're in debt, but a balance transfer card could help you save money with the right mindset. Consider a 0% Intro APR credit card to pay down debt faster, but don't forget that you'll have to change your spending if you want to get out — and stay out — of debt.

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This article is from Holly Johnson of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread:

5 Money Moves to Make Before You Turn 40

Holly Johnson — Thu, 01 Oct 2020 17:32:44 +0000

Turning the big 4-0 is a perfect time to reflect on how far you've come in life, the milestones you've surpassed, and the relationships you've built. But for some people — especially those who don't have their financial ducks in a row — it's a time when panic sets in.

After all, turning 40 can make you painfully aware that time is running out to fix any financial mistakes you've made in the past. At the same time, you need to get serious about your money if you want to enjoy your golden years without financial stress. That's why financial advisers suggest a handful of money moves everyone should make before their 40th birthday.

1. Deal with consumer debt

Ryan Inman, a financial planner for doctors, says it's crucial to create a plan to deal with consumer debt well before your 40th birthday. That's especially true when it comes to high interest credit card debt. With the average credit card interest rate now over 17%, this type of debt can be difficult to pay off — and a big drain on your budget each month.

If your goal is paying off debt, there are multiple approaches to consider. You can attack it the old-fashioned way and pay as much as you can each month, or even try the debt snowball or debt avalanche methods. You can even apply for a balance transfer credit card that lets you secure 0% APR for up to 21 months.

Ideally, you should strive to have no debt other than your mortgage at this point in your life, says Inman.

While this may seem like a lofty goal, not having to make interest payments toward consumer debt will make it a lot easier to save more for retirement and play catch up on your investments if you're already behind.

2. Maximize your retirement savings

It's easy to think maxing out your retirement savings isn't necessary when you're young, but when your 40s hit, you become keenly aware of just how much more your nest egg needs to grow.

Financial planner Benjamin Brandt, who hosts a retirement podcast called Retirement Starts Today Radio, says he suggests anyone approaching 40 start maxing out their retirement savings. Remember that you'll set your contributions up through payroll out of your pre-tax income, so it's not as costly as it may seem. Also note that contributing the max to retirement will reduce your taxable income, which could mean a smaller income tax bill this year.

If you can't contribute the max, Brandt says to try to contribute more than you are now and inch your goal up slightly every year until you get there.

Brandon Renfro, an assistant professor of finance and financial planner in Hallsville, Texas, says that, at the very least, you should make sure you're getting the full employer match on your retirement plan. An employer match is the amount of money your employer might match when you save for retirement yourself. For example, your employer might agree to contribute up to 6% of your income each year as a match, but you have to contribute 6% to get the full amount.

Remember that your employer match is free money for the taking, and you should take advantage of any help you can get toward retirement savings as you approach your 40s.

3. Automate your finances

Certified Public Accountant Riley Adams, who also writes at Young and the Invested, says that your 40s are a good time to try to automate your investments if you haven't already. With more automation and money moving on its own, you're less likely to spend money on stuff you don't need or end up in a situation where you're inflating your lifestyle as your income grows.

"To protect yourself from yourself, learn to establish automated financial transactions to handle your money moves each paycheck," he says. "Doing so takes the hassle out of your hands and also puts your money to better use."

For example, you could set up an automatic bank transfer so a specific amount of money is transferred to a high-yield savings account every month. Or, you can set up automatic deposits into a brokerage account. Boosting your retirement savings in a workplace account can also be considered automation since the money is taken out of your paycheck automatically and invested on your behalf. (See also: 5 Ways to Automate Your Finances)

4. Purchase insurance based on your future finances

Financial planner Brenton Harrison of Henderson Financial Group says that, by your 40th birthday, you should also have your insurance needs squared away. However, you should strive to think of your insurance needs in future tense.

"It's tempting to determine your needs based on your current income and net worth," he says. "But for many people, their 40s are their peak earning years, meaning that the insurance needs you have before 40 might not be enough as your career progresses."

Harrison suggests sitting down and thinking about where you'd like to go in your career and where you plan to be financially in 10 years. From there, buy insurance based on that financial picture.

"If you know you can and will achieve a certain level of success, don't wait until you've reached it to start planning," he says.

While the types of insurance you'll need vary depending on your situation, think beyond the basics like homeowner's and auto insurance. For example, you may want to buy an umbrella insurance policy that extends your coverage limits in certain cases.

Also, make sure to get proper life insurance coverage," says financial planner Luis Rosa.

"If you have a family or are planning on having one in the near future, it is crucial to make sure that they are protected," he says. And you're much more likely to qualify for the coverage you need at a price you can afford when you're in your 40s (or before) and still relatively healthy.

5. Build an emergency fund

If you've struggled with your finances over the years and dealt with credit card debt multiple times, chances are good it's because you don't have an emergency fund. While any amount saved is better than nothing, most experts suggest keeping a separate fund for emergency expenses or job loss that's stocked with three to six months of expenses or more.

You never know what kind of roadblocks life will throw your way, but you'll be prepared for almost anything if you have savings set aside. And if you can't save six months of expenses, it's still best to start somewhere — even if you can only squirrel away a few thousand dollars.

Put your savings in an interest-bearing account and keep adding to it, and you'll eventually get there.

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How to Pay Off These 4 Types of Debt

Denise Hill — Tue, 08 Sep 2020 17:32:44 +0000

Getting and staying out of debt is tough. Many people try and fail, or they succeed only to become ensnared the vicious cycle over and over again. Eliminating debt takes lots of grit and determination, and strategically attacking your debt will save you time, energy, and money.

Before you get started, you should know that each type of debt requires a slightly different strategy. Here's how to tackle different types of debt, and get rid of it once and for all.

Credit card debt

The best way to attack credit card debt is by using the debt snowball. With this method, you begin by attacking the smallest debt while paying the minimum on everything else. Once one debt is paid, you take all the money you were paying on the first card and apply it to the second biggest balance. Rinse and repeat.

You may be tempted to attack them based on interest rate, which is also known as the debt avalanche. And that will work. However, you must keep in mind that debt is more mental than it is logical. You probably didn't use a ton of logic to get into debt. And logic won't inspire you to get out of debt. The debt snowball approach allows you to get quick wins by conquering smaller debts before taking on the larger ones, which require more time and patience. Winning becomes a contagious habit that helps you build momentum.

You also may want to contact your credit card companies and request that they lower your interest rate. Some will and some won't, but it doesn't hurt to ask. (See also: 2-Minute Guide: How to Use Balance Transfers to Pay Off Credit Card Debt)

Car and personal loans

Auto and personal loans are a little different from credit card debt. However, they follow the same principle for repayment. First, make sure you understand the repayment terms and then contact the lender and ask them to reduce your interest rate.

In addition to using the debt snowball, a great repayment strategy for this type of debt is to call the lending agency and set up bi-weekly payments instead of paying monthly. The minimum payment doesn't change, you just make 26 payments a year versus 12. This lowers the total amount of interest you will pay over the life of the loan. When you pay more than the minimum payment, you'll slash months — even years — off the total repayment time.

Student loans

Despite how it may feel, paying off student loans is possible. You just need some discipline, patience, and a plan. For most folks, student loan debt is one of the most significant debts owed — second only to a mortgage.

The first thing you want to do is determine the total amount owed. You can do this by visiting the National Student Loan Data System or contacting your lender. From there, visit the Federal Student Loan Website to see if your loans can be consolidated, if your interest rate can be lowered, and if you qualify for any loan forgiveness programs. The Department of Education offers eight different repayment plans that may be able to assist you if you're considered low income or have special circumstances. They also provide repayment calculators and a host of other information and resources that can assist you in repaying your loans quicker.

Once you know the total amount owed, and have found a repayment plan that works for you, it's time to get busy. You want to throw ever extra dollar you have at this debt and make multiple payments a month, if possible.

Mortgage

The term "mortgage," translated from old French, literally means "death pledge." How fitting. There are several schools of thought on whether you should pay off your home early. For some people paying it off early makes sense, for others it doesn't. If you do want to knock the mortgage off your debt list, there are a few things you can do to expedite repayment.

Make bi-weekly payments

By simply splitting your monthly mortgage payment into equal parts where it's paid every two weeks, you can shave years of payments off a 30-year mortgage. If you pay more than the minimum, you expedite the process even more. You'll have to make arrangements with the lending institution to set up a bi-weekly payment plan and ensure that the extra money is applied directly to the principal.

Making one additional mortgage payment a year

This impacts the mortgage the same way making bi-weekly payments does. It's just done in one lump sum instead of over the course of a year. When you make the extra payment, you must specify that you would like it applied directly to the principal.

Make lump sum payments periodically

If you don't feel you have the ability to make bi-weekly payments or make one large additional mortgage payment, you can still pay extra on the mortgage as you are able. Paying an extra hundred dollars a few times a year will drastically speed up the repayment process. Every little bit helps.

Refinance from a 30-year fixed to a 15-year fixed

This may not make sense for everyone, but it is worth considering. By the time you're ready to begin aggressively paying off your home, you will have eliminated all other debt. You can afford to pay more. And your credit score will have gotten better and will allow you to refinance at a much lower interest rate. This strategy can cut the repayment time down by more than half.

But first, create an emergency fund

The quickest way to derail your debt repayment efforts is to have an unexpected expense. And you will have plenty. Establishing an emergency fund before you begin paying down debt is one of the keys to success. Having a few thousand dollars set aside just for emergencies will keep you on track, keep you from incurring new debt and do wonders for your psyche.

If you do have an emergency and have to use some of the money, you simply pause your debt repayment plan to replace what you spent. Use the extra funds you were applying to your debt to replenish your emergency fund. Once it's restocked, you go back to attacking the debt. (See also: Where to Find Emergency Funds When You Don't Have an Emergency Fund)

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Why You Should Use a Personal Loan to Pay Down Debt

Holly Johnson — Wed, 02 Sep 2020 17:32:44 +0000

The average American with credit card debt carries a balance of approximately $6,354, according to USA Today. But the news is even worse in some states like Alaska, New Mexico, and Louisiana, according to an analysis of credit card debt from creditcards.com. Consumers in these three states carried an average of $10,685, $8,323, and $8,110 in credit card debt, respectively, as of 2017.

This is unfortunate, but it's not completely unexpected. It's easy to lean too hard on a credit card when you face a job loss or a loss in income, and high interest rates don't help matters much. The average credit card today carries an APR of well over 17%. With so much interest charged on revolving credit card debt, it's difficult to make a dent in the principal of your balance. This often leaves people languishing in debt for years, and even racking up more debt over time.

Consumers use many strategies to get out of debt, one of which involves applying for balance transfer cards. With a balance transfer card, you qualify for 0% APR for a limited time — usually 12 to 21 months. However, you're normally required to pay a balance transfer fee of 3% or 5% of your balance, and the introductory offer won't last forever.

Some people use balance transfer cards to successfully pay down debt at 0% APR, but others simply make the minimum payments and never make real progress against their debts. Those consumers usually end up exactly where they started once their card's introductory offer ends — with plenty of debt and a crushing APR.

There may be a better, more predictable way out of debt, however, and it involves a personal loan. (See also: 5 Times Personal Loans May Be Better than Credit Cards)

How a personal loan can help you climb out of debt

Applying for a new loan to work your way out of debt may go against the grain of common sense, but there are plenty of reasons a personal loan can work. For starters, personal loans come with low fixed interest rates that never change — even as low as 4.9% APR for consumers with good credit. Second, personal loans have fixed repayment schedules that tell you exactly when you'll become debt-free.

Because personal loans have fixed rates and fixed repayment terms, you also have a fixed monthly payment that stays the same. This is much different from the way credit cards work since your payment will change based on your APR and how much you owe.

With a personal loan to pay down debt, you know exactly what you're getting into. You know how much you'll need to pay each month, when your loan will be paid off, and what your interest rate will be the entire time. The best part is, a personal loan is not a line of credit you can borrow against. So once you use your loan proceeds to pay off and consolidate your credit card bills, you won't have the option to use your loan to rack up more debt. (See also: 10 Things You Need to Know Before Taking Out a Personal Loan)

How to do it the right way

If your goal is getting out of debt this year, a personal loan could be exactly what you need. But you'll be in the best position to help yourself if you go about repayment the right way.

Compare personal loan offers

Personal loans are offered by large financial institutions like banks and credit unions as well as several online lenders. Because there are so many options to get a personal loan, your first step is shopping around to compare offers in terms of their interest rates and fees.

The best personal loans come without an origination fee, any application fees, or hidden fees. If you want to shop around among multiple lenders in one place, you can also check out LendingTree. This website lets you fill out a single loan application and get offers from multiple banks and lenders in one place. (See also: 5 Personal Loan Fees You Should Never, Ever Pay)

Find your best match now with this handy comparison tool. Select the type of loan you’re looking for, the amount, your credit rating and state, to see the best options available for you.

Create a spending plan

Once you've shopped for a personal loan, you'll have an idea of your new monthly payment. At that point, it's crucial to create a monthly budget or spending plan to ensure you can stay on top of your new loan.

Sit down with your bank statements and figure out exactly how much you earn and how much you owe, including your new personal loan, housing costs, and other bills. From there, you should look for ways to reduce your spending. That may mean dining out less often, cutting cable for a while, or going on a spending freeze. Whatever you do, make sure you have a grasp on how much you can afford to spend each month while keeping up with all your expenses.

Stop using credit cards

Finally, don't forget that you have to stop using credit cards! The importance of this step cannot be overstated.

Paying off your credit card debt with a personal loan can put you in a precarious position where you're tempted to start using credit cards again. But if you start using credit, you'll likely rack up even more debt balances you'll have to pay off.

Your best bet is putting your credit cards away for safekeeping and sticking to cash or debit instead. To get out of debt — and stay out of debt — you must learn to live within your means. Not using credit cards is the only way to ensure you're living a lifestyle you can actually afford.

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How to Get Ahead With a 0% APR Credit Card

Holly Johnson — Wed, 19 Feb 2020 09:00:13 +0000

Credit cards have made it extremely convenient to get what we need — from online shopping to everyday purchases, not having to hit the ATM and use cash saves time, space, and energy. But having easy access to credit also means it’s easy to overspend — something you just couldn’t do when paying with cash. You can end up with a mountain of debt that can take years or even decades to pay off.

One kind of credit card may be more likely to set you up for success, and this type of card can even help you save money on interest if you're struggling with debt already. Balance transfer credit cards, which can also be called 0% APR credit cards, actually let you avoid paying interest altogether for a limited time.

Two main strategies can help you get ahead with this type of credit card, but only if you use plastic with a plan and stay disciplined in your approach.

Earn rewards on a big purchase

If you want to make a big purchase and pay it off slowly without having to pay interest, you should check out 0% APR credit cards that let you skip interest payments and earn rewards for each dollar you spend. This type of card typically works well if you need to pay for new appliances for your kitchen, a major home upgrade or repair, or even a semester of college. By charging the large purchase to your 0% APR credit card, you may be able to earn an initial sign-up or welcome bonus as well as rewards as a percentage of your spending.

Of course, there are plenty of rewards credit cards that also dole out big initial bonuses and ongoing rewards while letting you avoid paying interest for up to 21 months. Make sure to compare rewards and cash back credit cards to see which ones might work best for whatever it is you need to buy and pay down slowly over time.

Consolidate high-interest debt

If you have a lot of debt at high interest rates, you can also get ahead with a 0% APR credit card — provided you stop spending and start focusing on debt repayment instead. Balance transfer credit cards often let you secure 0% APR on balance transfers for up to 21 months, although some do charge a 3% or 5% balance transfer fee for the privilege. Even if you do pay a balance transfer fee, however, the interest savings can far outweigh the fee.

If you're against paying a fee to transfer high interest balances over, you can look for cards that waive this fee for a limited time.

How to choose a 0% APR credit card

Whether you want to pay down a large purchase without interest or save money by consolidating high interest debt at 0% APR, it's crucial to make sure you wind up with a new credit card that offers the perks you want. Here's everything you need to look for as you decide.

0% APR offers that give you the time you need

If you want to pay off a large purchase over time or consolidate debt at 0% APR, you'll need to make sure you have enough time to pay off your debt entirely. Definitely compare 0% APR offers to see which ones give you plenty of time to accomplish your goal. If you don't, you'll wind up paying off debt at the standard variable APR, which will likely be very high.

Don't pick a card that might entice you to overspend

If you're really trying to pay off debt, stay away from cards that offer big sign-up bonuses within the first few months. You should use your balance transfer credit card to save money on interest, but don't use it for everyday spending.

Make sure to take fees into account

Most 0% APR credit cards don't charge an annual fee, but you should still compare balance transfer fees and other potential fees you may be charged such as late fees and over-limit fees.

Compare rewards programs

Finally, make sure you check out rewards programs if you want to rack up points on a large purchase. Some cards only let you redeem rewards for gift cards or cash back, whereas others let you cash in points for travel or transfers to airline and hotel partners. Compare rewards programs ahead of time so you earn the type of rewards you want the most.

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What to Do With a Windfall

Emily Guy Birken — Mon, 13 Jan 2020 18:46:41 +0000

Theoretically, a sudden windfall should reduce your financial worries. Who doesn't appreciate getting suddenly richer?

However, making good decisions with a large infusion of cash can feel overwhelming, especially if your windfall comes about because of something negative. For instance, when I received a life insurance payout after my father passed away in 2013, the money was both emotionally charged and stress-inducing, and I was terrified of making a misstep.

If you've received a windfall, taking your time and making intentional decisions about the money will serve you better in the long run. Here's how you can do that.

Take a break before making any decisions

No matter how you received your newfound wealth, you're likely to have a number of strong emotions associated with the event. And we all know that emotions and rational decisions can struggle to coexist. That's why it's a good idea to take a little time before you make any decisions whatsoever with your new money.

If the money came to you because of a negative situation, such as a death in the family, the end of a lawsuit, or the sale of a beloved business, your emotions will inevitably color your view of the money. I personally found that I wanted Dad's insurance money to no longer be in my hands, because having it was a reminder of my loss.

Even if you have positive associations with the money (after a lucky weekend in Vegas or a surprise profit-sharing bonus from work), those fuzzy feelings may prompt you to make risky decisions to keep the good vibes coming. Letting some time pass between receiving your windfall and deciding what to do with it can help you view the money more dispassionately so you can make the best possible decisions with it.

So how long should you pause before deciding what to do? Depending on the size of the windfall, you might want to wait as long as six months (or longer) before making any decisions. This will give you time to process your emotions so that you're psychologically ready to make these big choices. (See also: Don't Make These 6 Dumb Mistakes With Your Financial Windfall)

Put it someplace safe

What you do with your money while you wait to make the big decisions depends partially on where your windfall came from. Life insurance benefits and other inheritance money can sometimes stay safely in the same account you'll be paid from. In these cases, it's common that your money will even earn some interest while it stays put. Simply keeping the money in place can be a good way to give yourself the emotional breathing room you need without worrying about making a preliminary decision.

Other types of windfalls, such as lottery winnings or an inherited retirement account, may give you the option of taking a lump sum or annual payouts. Choosing annual payouts (when available) will give you the opportunity to make lots of smaller decisions over several years, rather than overwhelming yourself with the need to make several big decisions at once.

For when you have no choice but to take your entire windfall into your hot little hands, stashing it in a money market account or high-yield savings account can be a good way to keep it safe. (See also: Interest Rates Are Rising: Here's Where to Keep Your Cash)

Consult a tax professional

The tax implications of your windfall could be a major deciding factor in how you choose to use it. Some types of windfalls, like life insurance benefits, can pass to you tax-free. However, for most types of windfalls, you can assume that Uncle Sam will want his cut.

For instance, the killing you made at the blackjack table is considered normal income to the IRS, which means you may have shifted into a higher tax bracket when you walked off with a cool $40,000. If you don't plan for this shift in your income taxes, you may find yourself staring down a nasty surprise come tax time. Your CPA can help you figure out the best way to navigate your sudden bump in income. For instance, they might suggest that you maximize your tax-deferred retirement contribution this year to help offset your windfall.

If you sold a business, inherited taxable property or accounts, or even got a major bonus at work, a tax professional can help you determine the most tax-efficient way to access and enjoy your new wealth so that you're not stuck holding the bag when the taxman comes calling. (See also: 14 Reasons Why an Accountant Is Worth the Money)

Get your financial house in order

Before you start making it rain, it's important to look at your current financial situation and see how your new money can make it better.

If you're carrying high-interest or revolving debt, using your windfall to pay it off (or at least pay it down) may not seem like a sexy use of the money. But reducing or eliminating your debt burden will give you more peace of mind and more financial freedom in the future. That money will turn into what feels like little windfalls every month when you don't have to send most of your paycheck towards your debt.

Similarly, if you haven't prioritized saving for retirement, your windfall can give you a great opportunity to improve your financial future. Maximize your 401(k) or IRA contribution this year (and enjoy the tax benefit), and use it as a springboard to send more money to your retirement every year thereafter.

Finally, keep some of your windfall as an emergency cushion. Knowing that you'll be covered the next time a financial emergency strikes is a great gift to your future self.

Have some fun

It does feel good to receive a large amount of money, and having a little fun with it is a great way to enjoy it.

No matter how a windfall comes into your life, splurging on something that you couldn't or wouldn't otherwise have can be a great way to enjoy your good fortune. Deciding to use a set amount of money however you please is a life-affirming way to mark the occasion of your windfall.

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This article is from Emily Guy Birken of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread:

7 Important Money Moves to Make in the New Year, According to Financial Advisors

Holly Johnson — Tue, 07 Jan 2020 18:37:34 +0000

It's easy to think you'll get your finances together "next year" or when you finally get the promotion you've been after. Unfortunately, time keeps on ticking away, making it easy to spend years dreaming of financial security without making progress toward your goals.

Now that 2020 has arrived, it may be the perfect time to stop making excuses and start making moves. After all, it's more than a new year — we're in a brand-new decade.

But which moves have the potential for the most impact? We interviewed several financial advisors to find out which steps they think nearly everyone could benefit from in 2020 and beyond, and here's what they said.

1. Increase your contributions to tax-advantaged retirement accounts

According to financial advisor Benjamin Brandt, who is the host of retirement podcast Retirement Starts Today, the beginning of the year is an excellent time to reevaluate how much you're putting away for retirement. Fortunately, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) increased the maximum you can contribute to a 401(k) account in 2020, bringing up your total maximum contribution amount to $19,500.

"Could you save a little more for the future version of yourself?" he asks. "Calculate what a 1% increase in your savings rate might be, and commit to that increase."

You might not even notice the money missing from your budget when savings is increased in such small increments, but you'll never know unless you try. (See also: 5 Money Moves to Make Before You Turn 40)

2. Take stock of changes in your life that took place over the last year

Financial planner Luis F. Rosa, who is also the host of the On My Way to Wealth podcast, says that pretty much everyone should sit down and analyze any big life changes they've endured over the last year or two, including marriage, divorce, or the birth of a new child.

You should also review your beneficiary designations on your 401K, life insurance, and other accounts to make sure they are up to date as per your wishes, he says. (See also: 5 Money Moves Every Single Parent Should Make)

3. Learn to live within your means

Most people manage their money in the most backwards way possible, meaning they buy what they want and try to save anything that's left. Financial advisor Christopher Clepp of Strategic Financial Group says people need to "reverse their thinking" if they hope to reverse this trend in their lives.

Instead of buying what you want and worrying about savings as an afterthought, Clepp says to "invest for the lifestyle you want and spend what is left over."

You don't need to keep track of every expenditure if you're saving enough to begin with, he says. "If you need to save 20% per month, then save that first and the other 80% spend as you see fit as long as you don't exceed that number or run up credit card debt."

4. Pay off credit card debt

Credit card debt may not be overly problematic for many people in the short-term, but this type of debt doesn't really help anyone in life. Credit cards carry an average APR of over 17%, after all, so they're a poor option when you need to borrow money. And since you can use them to keep spending, they can easily be used as a crutch to build a lifestyle you can't really afford.

Clepp says everyone should make 2020 the year they pay off credit card debt once and for all. He points out that, if you carry an average of $5,000 in credit card debt with an average APR from ages 35 to 65, that debt will cost you close to $20,000 in interest payments. That's a ridiculous amount of money, and I'm sure you can think of plenty of ways you'd want to spend that much cash.

5. Assess your insurance needs

Clepp also says that people need to look over their insurance needs every year, even if they think they're up to date.

"All the careful future planning can be undone by an unexpected accident," he says. First and foremost, you should review your home insurance, auto insurance, and any umbrella insurance coverage you have each year.

Find someone who will educate you about the policies. "Cheaper isn't always better, but you may be able to find comparable coverage for a better price," he says.

Also, make sure to review your life insurance needs if you're married or have dependents. From there, review your disability insurance to make sure you're adequately protected.

6. Start using a budget

Financial planner Brandon Renfro, Ph.D. says everyone should give budgeting their income a try, and everyone should take the time to review their budget in the new year — even if it's working well so far.

"You may find that there are smaller budget items you can eliminate," he says. "The key here is a lot of times the smaller items go unnoticed, precisely because they are small."

By going over your budget and spending for the year, you may find you're splurging in areas that don't matter to you, which could easily be reduced for more savings. You may also find you're not really using things you're paying for, such as subscription services. In that case, you could cancel unused services and funnel that money elsewhere in your budget, such as savings or debt repayment.

Renfro says that, on top of reviewing your budget, you should also review any progress you're making toward your financial goals.

"This goes a little farther than simply confirming that you took the specific actions you had planned to," he says. "Here, you are confirming that the actions you took actually got you closer to accomplishing what you hoped to accomplish."

For example, maybe you planned to pay an extra $100 each month on your car loan or credit card. If you did, see how much closer you are to getting it paid off. If you achieved your goal, that's great, and you may just want to stay the course. If not, you should be asking yourself why not and taking steps to get back on track. (See also: 5 Steps to Successful Budgeting)

7. Improve your credit score

Financial planner R.J. Weiss of The Ways to Wealth says another area of people's lives they should focus on is their credit score, although few people keep an eye on this component of their financial health.

"This goal often gets prioritized when a large purchase is up ahead, such as a home," he says. "Yet, it's something that you should monitor and improve as there are many benefits to having a great score."

Specifically, he suggests consumers work on decreasing their total credit utilization. This is the amount of revolving credit you use compared to the amount of available credit you have. If you have total credit limits of $10,000 and $5,000 in credit card debt, for example, your total utilization is 50%.

"A great target to aim for is a ratio below 30%," he says. "Keep in mind, you can do this by paying off your debt, as well as increasing the total amount you have available."

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How to Pay Off Holiday Debt: A Step-by-Step Guide

Holly Johnson — Thu, 26 Dec 2019 15:31:00 +0000

Holiday debt is easy to rack up, but paying it off can wreak havoc on your budget for years. Still, Americans seem more than willing to pile it on no matter what. A 2019 study conducted by CreditCards.com and YouGov Plc showed that more than half of consumers with credit card debt said the holidays are a good reason to borrow money. Even 26% of consumers with no debt at all said they might be willing to rack up debt over the 2019 holiday season.

Once those bills start pouring in and the monthly payments start siphoning your paycheck, you could easily regret it. By that point, however, it's too late.

If you're in debt from the holidays and want to pay it off, you should consider consolidating and creating a plan to get out of debt once and for all. Here's how to do it:

Step 1: Assess the damage and add up your debts

The first step to get out of holiday debt may be the hardest since you have to see your spending in black and white. Take the time to add up all your credit card balances and other debts from the holidays to see how much you owe.

Crafting a plan for debt repayment will be a lot easier if you write down each of your debts along with the interest rate and the current balance all in one place. Here's a good example of how your list might look:

Step 2: Choose a debt consolidation method

Once you know exactly how much debt you owe, you need to figure out the optimal way to consolidate your balances and pay them off. While there are a few other options to consider, the most popular products for debt consolidation include 0% APR credit cards and personal loans.

Balance transfer credit cards

Balance transfer credit cards let you secure 0% APR on balances transferred from other cards for anywhere from nine to 21 months. Some charge a balance transfer fee that is usually equal to 3% or 5% of your balance upfront, but the interest savings can be worth paying the fee if you get serious about your debt and knock it out quickly at 0% APR.

Because balance transfer credit cards only let you save on interest for a short amount of time, this option works best for someone who can pay off their holiday debt on an expedited timeline. That's because once your introductory APR period is over, the interest rate on your credit card will reset to a much higher variable rate.

Personal loans

Personal loans let you consolidate debt with a low fixed interest rate, a fixed monthly payment, and a fixed repayment period. This means you'll pay interest on your consolidated debt while you pay it off, but personal loans have low rates for consumers with good credit — even as low as 4.99% APR. That's much lower than you'll pay with a credit card since the average credit card APR is currently over 17%.

Personal loans typically offer terms ranging from 12 months to 60 months, so they can be a better option for consumers who have a lot of debt and need plenty of time to pay it off. (See also: 7 Fastest Ways to Recover From Holiday Overspending)

Step 3: Pick the best repayment plan

The right debt consolidation method for you depends on a few factors — how much debt you have, how much you can afford to pay each month, and how long your debt will take to pay off. A good debt repayment calculator can help you determine your next best steps and which debt consolidation to go with, but you can also do some basic math to figure it out on your own.

If you had $2,394 in debt to consolidate, here's how your strategy might look with a balance transfer credit card:

For example, let's say you signed up for a card that gives you 0% APR on purchases and balance transfers for 15 months, followed by a variable APR of 14.49% to 25.49%. This card doesn't charge any balance transfer fees for balances transferred in the first 60 days, so you could make a fee-free transfer of your debts right away upon approval.

With 15 months to repay your holiday debt at 0% APR, you would need to pay $159.60 per month to become debt-free without interest within that time frame.

If you couldn't pay that much each month toward your debts, you might want to go with a personal loan that offers a low fixed rate for several years. If you took out a personal loan that charged just 4.99% APR and let you pay off your debt over 36 months, you would only need to pay $72 per month to become debt-free over the course of three years. During that time, you would wind up paying $189 in interest on your loan.

Step 4: Stay the course

Whatever debt consolidation option you wind up with, make sure you decide on a concrete plan and stick with it. If you don't, you won't pay off as much debt as you want and you'll prolong the financial problems debt brings into your life.

If you're worried about paying as much as you can toward your debts, it can also help to cut your spending for a while. Eat more of your meals at home, enact a temporary spending freeze, and stay in on the weekends for a few months instead of going out. With enough small cuts in your spending, you may be able to free up some extra cash to pay toward debt or start building a savings buffer.

Also make sure that, while you're in debt repayment mode, you're not using credit or loans to rack up more debt. You'll never pay off holiday debt if you keep digging throughout the year, so stop using plastic and switch to cash or debit instead.

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This article is from Holly Johnson of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread:

How to Protect Your Finances in Case of a Recession

Emily Guy Birken — Tue, 12 Nov 2019 08:00:07 +0000

According to the financial news sector, it seems probable that we're headed toward a recession. Grim-faced economists think our current historic economic expansion is headed for a fall, and the news of a looming recession couldn't feel scarier.

There's good news and bad news about these opinions. The good news is that no one has a crystal ball, which means even the savviest of economic forecasters can't possibly know what our economy will do in the future. However, we do know that certain financial trends cannot go on indefinitely. (Remember in 2007 when we all thought housing prices could only ever go up? We learned the hard way in 2008 that nothing keeps growing forever.)

So how can you prepare for a recession that may or may not happen in a time frame you can't predict? Thankfully, there are a number of actions you can take today to protect yourself, and your finances.

Bolster your emergency fund

Financial experts recommend that everyone build an emergency fund that could cover three to six months' worth of expenses. Your emergency fund can get you through a period of unemployment until you land your next job.

However, losing your job during a recession could be a little more dire than losing it at any other time. When the economy as a whole has taken a hit, it can be much more difficult to find another employer who is hiring. This is why the median unemployment length during the recession was more than 25 weeks (nearly six months), whereas the current median length of unemployment is just over 9 weeks.

Now is an excellent time to add to your emergency fund. Start an automatic transfer to your savings account with every paycheck, and look for other ways to beef up that fund.

If you don't have an emergency fund that could handle a lengthy unemployment, there's no need to panic. Remember: anything you can put away will be helpful if you do find yourself with a pink slip. (See also: 7 Easy Ways to Build an Emergency Fund From $0)

Create your Plan B budget

Another proactive step to take is to map out what would change about your spending habits if you were to lose your job or take a pay cut. Going through your current budget and identifying the items you could cut can help reassure you that your emergency fund will weather a loss of income.

You could even challenge yourself to make some small cuts now and see if you miss your former expenditures. That can free up some extra money (more for the emergency fund!) and help you feel more in control of your spending now and in the future.

Attack your credit card debt

If you're carrying a balance on your credit cards, now is a good time to get aggressive with your payoff plan. Carrying debt into a recession could make for an overwhelming burden if you experience a pay cut or a layoff. You'd hate to find yourself unable to pay your credit card bills — and have to deal with debt collectors — when you're already feeling financially stressed. (See also: The Fastest Way to Pay Off $10,000 in Credit Card Debt)

Go to the doctor

The cost of health care can be prohibitively expensive, even for Americans with health insurance. According to a recent Bank of America Workplace Benefits Report, 53 percent of American employees have skipped a medical appointment, a test or procedure, or purchasing medication in order to save money.

This is why it's a good idea to schedule a checkup with your doctor now. Health care is expensive even when you have insurance, but it's even more expensive if you're uninsured. Getting a checkup while you have employer-sponsored coverage in place may head off any potential health (and financial) problems.

Resist the urge to tinker with your investments

Watching your retirement portfolio take a dive during a recession can be heartburn-inducing. It's easy to listen to that voice inside that's screaming at you to take your money out of the market or lose it all. But liquidating your investment accounts means you've turned your temporary, on-paper losses into permanent losses.

If we do go into a recession, plan on only looking at your portfolio quarterly — or even less often. This is one situation where putting your head in the sand will help your sanity and your bottom line.

If you're close to retirement, make sure you have cash

The only caveat to leaving your investments alone is if you're on the verge of retirement. Retiring during a recession can take a serious bite out of your retirement portfolio if you're still entirely invested for the long term. In that situation, you may find yourself retiring, but unable to access your retirement income because it has taken a recessionary hit.

If, in the next few years, you'll need to live off the money that's currently invested, then make sure you transfer some of your investments into cash equivalents. These will remain stable and available for you even if a recession hits just as you're ending your career. (See also: 9 Creative Ways to Boost Your Retirement Savings)

Be prepared

While there's no way of knowing exactly what's around the corner, we can all improve our financial lives by taking simple precautions. Whether we're on the brink of a recession or the reports of the economic demise have been greatly exaggerated, you'll be glad you took these steps to protect your money.

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This article is from Emily Guy Birken of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread:

6 Steps to Avoiding Credit Card Debt Over the Holidays

Holly Johnson — Thu, 07 Nov 2019 08:00:07 +0000

Holiday debt may be incurred unintentionally, but the consequences can linger long after you put away the twinkly lights and stockings. A 2018 report from Magnify Money showed that consumers polled added an average of $1,230 in holiday credit card debt during that season. Not only did 64% of respondents agree their new holiday debt took them by surprise, but almost half of respondents (49%) said it would take them five months or longer to pay off remaining holiday bills.

If you're struggling with debt already, the last thing you need this year is a new pile of debt to contend with. Unfortunately, the constant pressure the holidays bring can leave you feeling like you're set up to fail from the start. Here are the best steps you can take now to avoid a holiday debt hangover.

1. Create a holiday shopping budget

First, you have to have an idea of how much you plan to spend on holiday gifts before you can decide how the funds will be used.

If you started a holiday savings account earlier this year, you may have no trouble logging in to see how much money you have set aside. If not, you'll need to take a close look at your checking and savings accounts to see how much "extra" money you'll have to spend this year.

As you assess your finances and excess cash, make sure to think through all your regular bills and expenses that need to be paid each month. Also, jot down any work-related year-end expenses you'll need to cover, such as holiday travel or holiday parties.

Then consider how many additional paydays you have until the holidays, as well as how those funds will need to be allocated.

2. Figure out how to earn extra money

If you find you don't have as much extra cash for the holidays as you hoped, you may want to get creative when it comes to finding more cash. This could mean picking up a few extra shifts at work, but it can also mean picking up some work on the side for a few weeks as the holidays approach.

If you're looking for easy ways to make money before the holidays this year, look for side hustles you can start without a big investment of time or cash. Try walking dogs, babysitting neighborhood kids, or selling stuff you own and don't use anymore, for example. (See also: How to Turn Your Expertise Into a Side Hustle)

If you have any points leftover on rewards credit cards, you can also see about cashing them in for gift cards or merchandise.

3. Make a holiday shopping list

Once you know how much money you'll have to spend this year — or at least have a general idea, you need to make a list of people to shop for. While kids and family members will obviously make this year's list, don't forget to add in gifts for an employer or your coworkers as well as any holiday gift exchanges you participate in.

Write down this list on paper, or paste it in a spreadsheet along with the amount of cash you have to spend this year. (See also: Take Control of Your Money With These 10 Free Spreadsheet Templates)

4. Make some essential cuts

Next, take a close look at your holiday shopping list to see who needs to be cut. You may find you have family members or friends you don't need to buy a gift for because you never see them. Or perhaps you have older kids in the family who no longer receive gifts from Santa.

If you participate in holiday gift exchanges and are tired of doing so, those are usually the easiest to cut out. Call the person who normally organizes the exchange each year and let them know you're on a tight budget. If they don't like it, that's too bad.

If you plan to cut family members you normally shop for from your list, it might be wise to let them know ahead of time — especially if they also buy gifts for you or your family. Most people will understand you're trying to spend less and avoid debt this year if you reach out and explain the situation.

Either way, decide who you want to shop for and remove everyone else from the list. Then you can decide how to divvy up your holiday budget for each person that's left. Maybe you have two children and allocate $150 to each of them while setting aside $20 per person for other people on your list. Whatever it is, put your budget and plan in writing so you can stick to it.

5. Shop sales to make your money stretch further

Having an idea of how much you plan to spend on family and friends is the best way to avoid going over your budget this holiday season. When you know for a fact you have $20 per person to spend on family members, you're in a better position to shop for gifts in that price range instead of overspending, or winging it as you go.

While Black Friday and Cyber Monday tend to bring excellent prices and sales on everything from electronics to clothing and home decor, don't forget to keep an eye out for low prices for anything you want to buy. The internet is your friend when it comes to searching for deals and comparing prices across multiple stores. You can even sign up for the Honey app, which finds the best coupon code and automatically applies it to your cart whenever you shop online.

6. Have a plan to avoid debt when you buy gifts

You may plan to use debit cards for online purchases and cash when you shop in stores this year, and that's perfectly okay. Just remember that, as a general rule, credit cards are considerably safer when it comes to online purchases due to the way the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCBA) protects against fraudulent purchases.

If you decide to pay with credit in order to rack up cash back or qualify for consumer protections like extended warranties or purchase protection, make sure you only charge gifts you planned for in your holiday budget ahead of time. Also make sure you pay your credit card bill in full as soon as it arrives. As holiday shoppers from years past willingly admit, it's far too easy to let year-end bills linger.

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This article is from Holly Johnson of Wise Bread, an award-winning personal finance and credit card comparison website. Read more great articles from Wise Bread: